Сurrent issue

The article examines the specifics of the staff composition in the State Arbitration under the Council of People&#39s Commissars of the USSR (The Council of Ministers of the USSR) (hereinafter - USSR State Arbitration Court) in 1940-1949. The relevance of the article stems from the understudied nature of the topic in historical and legal sciences. The staff composition is analyzed from the perspectives of organization and socioeconomic status. Regarding staff organization, it is noted that the nomenclature of positions in the State Arbitration bodies, as established by the Regulation on the State Arbitration, differed from the actual staff structure during the period under review and remained largely unchanged overall. Staff turnover was high, intensifying during the war years, while after the war, the number of employees approached pre-war levels. The socio-economic situation of USSR State Arbitration employees differed significantly from the material support provided to judges, prosecutors, and other justice officials. Arbitration employees&#39 salaries were 2-3 times lower. Amid a large volume of cases handled, USSR State Arbitration workers received no additional monetary allowances, were not served at the Kremlin canteen, and were detached from the Central Polyclinic of the Kremlin Medical Administration. Nevertheless, the chief arbitrator of the USSR State Arbitration, V. N. Mozheyko, repeatedly paid bonuses to individual employees from available funds for work achievements. The conclusion is drawn that the actual nomenclature of positions in the union State Arbitration was at a high level, corresponding to the realities of the time. Amid a large influx of cases, numerical and qualitative instability of staff, and changes in working conditions, arbitration employees strove to conscientiously fulfill their duties. Poor material support prevented the attraction of new permanent and qualified staff, as well as the full realization of the potential of the USSR State Arbitration.

This article examines the role of historical memory in shaping national identity in the context of the new National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation. It analyzes mechanisms for strengthening civic consciousness and consolidating multinational society.

The article is devoted to the study of legal interpretation practice as an independent type of legal practice, its general and specific characteristics within the context of the modern legal system. The main theme is the theoretical conceptualization of legal interpretation practice, its place in the system of legal practice, and its role in ensuring the correct understanding and application of legal norms

This article analyzes the transformation of the legal status of comrades&#39 courts during the Thaw and the final years of Soviet power. It examines the functioning of comrades&#39 courts in the context of the overall changing political climate in the country, their role in the public justice system, the measures applied by comrades&#39 courts, and their effectiveness. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between political reforms and changes in the practice of comradely justice. The article examines the extent to which comrades&#39 courts complied with the principles of equality of citizens before the law, their relationship with the state judicial system, and their impact on social relations. The purpose of this article is to comprehensively study the influence of the general situation of the Thaw and late Soviet times on the evolution of comrades&#39 courts and their role in the Soviet legal system, as well as to determine the significance of this institution in the context of broader social and political processes in the country.

The relevance of the study is driven by a significant gap between the theoretical training of law students and the practical demands of the digital public administration environment, where a specialist must confidently operate departmental information systems. The aim of the study is to develop and verify a practice-oriented pedagogical model focused on building digital professional competencies among law students. The methodology is based on the competence-based approach and the method of modeling educational tasks using the "reverse engineering" principle: from analyzing real digital operations of a lawyer in a public authority to decomposing them into learning tasks. As a result of the study, a set of specialized tasks has been proposed, integrating work with digital services of the Tambov region (Unified Procurement Information System, database of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, Universal Human Rights Index, etc.), as well as with neural network technologies and collaboration tools (Yandex Tracker, MIRO).The developed set of tasks can be adapted for other regions and universities, promoting the replication of effective pedagogical experience. The tasks are focused on legally relevant actions: analyzing public procurement data for compliance with the law, preparing technical specifications for service improvement, modeling legal acts using AI, which builds skills for critical work with information in a digital environment. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the specification of methods that directly link the mastery of branch legal disciplines with the practice of working in the digital contour of public administration, overcoming the existing dissonance. In conclusion, the necessity of creating safe analogues of state IT systems for educational purposes is substantiated, which is the next step in the evolution of the proposed model.

The study of the problems of functioning and prospects for the development of digital forms that ensure the processes of legal co-creation in modern Russia is one of the relevant perspectives of the study of the general topic of legal co-creation of public authorities and civil society. The category of legal co-creation of public authorities and society, introduced into scientific circulation, allows us to look at the trends of digitalization in the field of law from the original perspective of a more complete alignment of the interests of government and society and consider from this point of view some of the negative and positive aspects associated with the development of digital technologies. The article draws attention to the transformation of traditional forms of legal co-creation into digital ones, which contributes to the development of legal co-creation processes and the formation of new digital forms for their implementation. The authors study digital forms that ensure the processes of legal co-creation of government and society in modern Russia, which include: the Internet resource “Russian Public Initiative”; reception of the State Duma GAS “Lawmaking”; “Federal portal of draft normative legal acts”; website and virtual reception of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation), digital forms, facilitating these processes: CREATED by GAS “Lawmaking”; GIS “Rulemaking”. As a result of the analysis, the problematic blocks related to the functioning of the designated forms (insufficient level of legal culture, insufficient popularization of digital platforms, cybersecurity, insufficient legal regulation, balance of creative and mechanical, etc.) are summarized, and the prospects for their further development are largely based on overcoming them.

The article is devoted to the study of the causation of mercenary juvenile delinquency, the identification of which makes it possible to critically assess the processes of ensuring the safety and well-being of society on this issue. Over the past 10 years, statistics on criminally punishable crimes committed by minors show a 50 % decrease in recorded acts, which creates the basis for timely reports from relevant authorities. However, various studies, including ours, show that the presented statistical data do not take into account many issues of the latency of this type of crime and the peculiarities of various social processes of interaction between the personality of a minor and the territorial microenvironment.

The article examines the victimological characteristics of elderly citizens as one of the most vulnerable categories of victims of remote fraudulent crimes. Based on the analysis of contemporary criminological studies, the key factors increasing the likelihood of involving older individuals in fraudulent schemes implemented through information and communication technologies have been identified. The relevance of studying this issue is substantiated given the steady growth in the number of remote crimes and the expansion of their schemes. Special attention is paid to the specifics of cognitive, social, and emotional characteristics of elderly victims that define their victimhood. Directions for improving prevention are proposed, focused on enhancing information literacy, forming resilient models of safe behavior, and developing specialized measures by the state and social institutions.

This article contains a comprehensive study of the issues associated with countering the dissemination of knowingly false information, so-called "fake news." The fact that the internet has become an integral part of human life confirms that today&#39s society unconditionally trusts the information it receives through various channels and websites. This creates a breeding ground for criminals, in which perpetrators can pass off false information as fact, thereby causing socially dangerous harm. There is an urgent need for criminal law enforcement to combat the dissemination of false information of public significance. The urgency of this problem also confirms that fake news has a significant impact on the security of society as a whole, law and order, as well as the lives and health of citizens. Periods of social tension further encourage criminals to commit such acts, as people are most susceptible to any information at such times and often jump to conclusions without verifying its authenticity with other sources. First and foremost, it is necessary to analyze existing criminal law measures to combat the dissemination of knowingly false information, balancing the need to protect legitimate interests with the fundamental principle of freedom of speech. Particular attention should be paid to the classification of this type of crime and how it differs from related offenses.

This article examines the issues surrounding preparation for an investigative experiment. Particular attention is paid to analyzing the tactical and organizational aspects of conducting the investigative action under study during the preparatory stage. The article examines in detail the challenges faced by investigators when preparing for an investigative experiment. The author also focuses on finding tactical and organizational solutions to problems that arise during the investigative action. The opinions of academics, both theoretical and practical, on issues related to preparation for an investigative experiment are analyzed. Based on the study, the author concludes that it is necessary to eliminate the legislative gap concerning the absence of a provision for compensating material expenses associated with conducting an investigative experiment. Accordingly, it is proposed to supplement the list of procedural costs in the Russian Criminal Procedure Code with an item providing for reimbursement of "amounts expended on the preparation and execution of individual investigative actions that objectively require special expenses."

This article examines issues of the parties&#39 choice of the law applicable to the resolution of a dispute in arbitration proceedings. The ability to choose the law for dispute resolution is a distinctive feature of arbitration that enables economic entities to effectively protect their rights and interests. The authors consider the main theoretical aspects of the parties&#39 choice of applicable law as a direct embodiment of the principle of party autonomy. International legal norms regulating commercial arbitration issues are analyzed in detail, as well as the legislation of the Russian Federation and several other states. Conclusions are drawn regarding the possibility of choosing applicable law as a significant advantage of arbitration proceedings, since the right to choose applicable law allows parties to choose a preferable method of regulating their legal relations. Moreover, parties can avoid engaging with an unfamiliar legal system where their rights and legitimate interests would not be effectively protected.

The article examines the legal institution of state and municipal procurement of goods, works and services in the context of the relationship with legal norms, including legal principles, civil and budgetary law. The emphasis is on contractual support of these purchases. The independence of the legal institute of public procurement in the system of branches of Russian law is asserted. The place of the legal institution of public procurement in the legal system is determined; its characteristics and features are established. The author&#39s methodology in understanding the content of the legal regulation of public procurement from the perspective of its correlation with civil and budgetary law is substantiated. The term "firmware" is proposed in the context of defining the essence and legal nature of the legal institution of procurement. The relationship between civil, budgetary and special legal regulation of public procurement is revealed in relation to the following: definition of a "contract"; legal definition of the content of contractual relations (procedure for concluding a contract; terms of the contract; possibility of changing the terms of the contract and grounds for unilateral refusal to perform the contract; civil liability); recognition of the contract as invalid in case of violation of the requirements of bidding and others . It is concluded that the special legal regulation of contractual relations accompanying public procurement shows an implicit correlation between civil, budgetary and special legal regulation of public procurement.