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The article explores the formation and development of the theory of extraordinary legal regulation during the Soviet period. Based on the analysis of key legal doctrines, it examines the understanding of law as an instrument of class struggle, the specifics of revolutionary and socialist legality, and institutions ensuring emergency measures. The views of P.I. Stuchka, E.B. Pashukanis, A.Ya. Vyshinsky and other Soviet legal theorists on the relationship between law and extraordinary coercion are highlighted. It is shown how legal thought evolved from a nihilistic attitude toward law to the recognition of the necessity of formal legal order, even in the application of extraordinary measures. The author concludes that despite the ideological bias of Soviet legal science, its contribution to the conceptual and methodological foundations of extraordinary legal regulation was significant and laid the groundwork for further theoretical development in the post-Soviet period.

In the current context of the crisis of international law, countries are faced with problems of legally supporting both their own independence and the need to defend the rights of their citizens abroad. One of the most effective legal instruments has become the virtually forgotten “ordre public”, the use of which allows for the protection of public interests in a complex geopolitical environment. This article examines the evolution of the concept of “ordre public”, its role and content in international and national legal practice, as well as various approaches to the interpretation and application of this controversial legal phenomenon. Originating as an institution for the protection of the rights of the upper class, the public order clause has survived centuries of oblivion, transforming into a public law institution regulating not only the applicability of foreign law and the rulings of foreign courts in the sphere of private law regulation of transnational relations, but also ensuring national security and the interests of the state in international relations. The article analyzes the theoretical concepts, historical roots, nature, and contemporary application of the public order clause in the legal systems of various states, as well as the main challenges and prospects for using the protective clause in the context of globalization and international cooperation.

Protection of human rights is one of the key institutions in the development of civilization. A historical perspective on the formation and development of the institution of labor rights protection will allow us to correctly address pressing issues in the modern period and forecast possible future challenges in the development of the labor law system as a whole, as well as identify key areas for their effective resolution. This work draws on historical and legal documents from the 1970s. The study aims to analyze regulatory material related to the protection of labor rights through appeals to labor dispute commissions, higher-level bodies, district (city) people&#39s courts, and trade unions. This material represents an update of a number of published original studies on the history of labor protection and regulation in Russia during various periods in the development of the theory and practice of labor relations.

The relevance of scientific understanding of the legal nature of the category "family lifestyle" is determined by its key role in resolving constitutional issues related to the formation of a rule-of-law and social state in the Russian Federation. This article further develops the theoretical foundations of a legal concept aimed at improving and strengthening the Russian nation. Contemporary legal doctrine and legislative practice have consistently demonstrated a tendency toward terminological confusion between the categories of “family policy” and “demographic policy”. This conceptual ambiguity, leading to their inaccurate identification, is often reflected even in the texts of regulatory legal acts, leading to a devaluation of the semantic content of both definitions and a decrease in the effectiveness of legal regulation. Formed primarily within the framework of national projects, the family and demographic policies of the Russian Federation require adequate theoretical and legal support designed to address systemic gaps and defects in the organizational and managerial mechanisms for implementing the global project to improve the nation&#39s health. In this regard, giving real, effective legal content to acts of strategic planning in the socio-cultural sphere is a pressing problem that requires an immediate solution at the state level.

This article examines the trends and prospects for the development of economic cooperation between the BRICS countries. The dynamics of economic cooperation within the framework of BRICS has been analyzed. The article is based on methodological approaches such as analysis, generalization and systematization in the process of collecting and processing information. The methods used in the study helped in the objective assessment and interpretation of the data obtained, which contributed to the formation of sound conclusions about the trends and prospects for the development of economic cooperation between the BRICS countries.

This study focuses on the historical evolution and current state of the anticorruption system in the Russian Federation. The aim of the study is a comprehensive historical and legal analysis of the genesis and transformation of anti-corruption strategies to identify persistent patterns and assess the effectiveness of the legal instruments employed. The methodological framework includes comparative legal and institutional analysis, complemented by a historical retrospective, enabling a multifaceted approach to the problem. The study found that Russian anticorruption policy is characterized by cyclical development with persistent systemic dysfunctions. Persistent problems were identified: the prevalence of a repressive paradigm over a preventive one, selectivity in the application of legal norms, and the formalization of preventive mechanisms. The key factor limiting effectiveness was identified as the institutional isolation of control and oversight mechanisms within the administrative system. The findings substantiate the need to shift from improving individual regulations to overcoming systemic limitations by ensuring the genuine independence of the judiciary, implementing transparent decision-making procedures, and developing institutions of civilian oversight. The practical significance of this study lies in the potential application of its findings in lawmaking, public administration, and further research in public policy.

This article provides a comprehensive historical-legal and comparative-legal analysis of the transformation of the State policy of the Russian Federation aimed at protecting the rights of children with disabilities. The study demonstrates that the enhanced vulnerability of minors with disabilities results from limited functional capacities, dependence on institutional systems of care, and increased risks of discrimination and social exclusion. The relevance of the research is determined by the need for a doctrinal reassessment of the legal framework governing juvenile disability in the context of the ongoing constitutional modernization of social policy. The scientific novelty of the study is manifested in three key results: 1) an original periodization of the evolution of legislation on the rights of minors with disabilities has been developed on the basis of explicit legal and institutional criteria; 2) substantive transformations of the legal status of children with disabilities at each historical stage have been identified – from the charity-based guardianship paradigm and the medical model of disability to the contemporary inclusive model premised on the principles of habilitation, accessibility and equal opportunities; 3) the legal concept of “juvenile disability” has been formulated and substantiated as a specific socio-legal status requiring differentiated State protection. The findings contribute to the improvement of national legislation and the development of a coherent State strategy for the inclusive development and legal empowerment of children with disabilities in the Russian Federation.

Often, civil or criminal proceedings require special knowledge in a particular field of expertise, which has a complex structure and includes interconnected elements, subsystems, and areas of expertise. This includes construction and technical expertise, which cannot be understood without understanding the legal regulation of this institution of forensic expertise, as well as the rational and correct use of procedural norms. In law enforcement practice, there is often a situation where an expert study is required as part of construction activities. It is important not only to conduct a high-quality expert study, but also to document its results, which will be used to draw conclusions about significant legal facts relevant to resolving the dispute. The quality of the construction and technical expert study also depends on the questions that are posed to the expert. Additionally, many procedural and methodological issues have not yet been resolved. These factors contribute to the relevance of this study. The purpose of this article is not only to identify the legal features of conducting construction and technical expertise, but also to consider the main areas of cooperation between legal and construction specialists for the qualified conduct of this type of expert research.

This article discusses the importance and problems of the ethical issue in the context of judges as an important element of judicial power. Theoretical and methodological foundations of the professional ethics of judges have been examined. The current state of the organizational and legal foundations of ethics is analyzed. The significance of the problems is assessed, and recommendations are made on ways to possibly solve them.

The article deals with a comprehensive analysis of the problems of qualification and counteraction to cybercrimes in the banking sector. The evolution of cybercrime, its specifics in the banking sector, as well as the shortcomings of the current criminal legislation of Russia in terms of regulating responsibility for these acts are considered. Particular attention is paid to the problems of qualification of embezzlement committed using electronic means of payment, attacks on critical information infrastructure of banks, as well as illegal access to banking secrecy. The paper analyzes various scientific approaches to solving these problems, and also suggests specific measures to improve legislation and law enforcement practice. The issues of international cooperation in the fight against cybercrime in the banking sector are investigated.

Today, the world is witnessing the most extensive digitalization, affecting virtually every aspect of human life. New technologies are constantly being used, undoubtedly making human life easier, but at the same time, they are becoming sources of increased danger and threatening the normal functioning of society. Digital technologies provide criminals with everincreasing opportunities to commit crimes while remaining undetected. This article presents a review of modern types of cybercrime, as well as an analysis of current issues in their classification and methods of combating them based on current legislation. Particular attention is paid to gaps in legislation and possible ways to improve it in the context of the rapid development and use of digital technologies.

In the digital world, technology has become a powerful tool that is used in the context of total control and harassment. The violence perpetrated through technology is primarily directed towards women. They become completely vulnerable to digital technologies. The proliferation of digital technologies has led to an increase in violence and abuse against women in the online space. The purpose of the study is to determine the most optimal measures to counter digital violence against women. The study has established the difficulty of identifying and the high latency of violence in the digital space. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the factors that determine the latency of violence in the era of digital paradigms are revealed. Research methods include sociological technologies, methods of analysis and generalization of messages in social platforms (internet communities) were used to reveal the determinants. The conducted study, utilizing general scientific research methods, enabled the establishment of the author&#39s position regarding the necessity of enacting specialized legislation aimed at preventing digital violence.

The authors research in the publication a number of issues of political and legal regulation of interstate cooperation among sovereign countries within the BRICS community. Particular attention is paid to the high potential for cooperation among both the core BRICS states and new countries joining or interested in joining the community. International cooperation is taking place in various areas, such as politics, economics, law enforcement, the environment, humanitarian issues, and scientific cooperation. BRICS currently represents an attractive platform for interstate cooperation, as it allows diverse states with significant differences to interact without political and economic pressure, while respecting mutual sovereignty. The current state of BRICS, its expansion prospects, and new opportunities for cooperation among countries are researched. It is noted that the Russian Federation&#39s recent chairmanship was aimed at ensuring the smooth and effective integration of new BRICS member states into the existing multilevel cooperation structure within the association and their integration into the established system.

The article examines the legal regulation of the provision of paid services in relation to the human psyche in the context of the relationship between private law and public law regulation. The actual problems in choosing the type of paid service in relation to the human psyche and the specialist providing it in terms of exercising the rights and obligations of the client (customer) and the contractor as parties to a civil contract are established. The necessity of comprehensive regulation of services in relation to the human psyche is substantiated through the adoption of a single comprehensive law establishing the gradation of these services and qualification requirements for specialists, guarantees and protection of clients&#39 rights. The necessity of establishing in this law uniform rights and guarantees of a person as a recipient of a service for all spheres of legal regulation of the provision of services in relation to the human psyche is determined.