Issue

In general and sectoral legal sciences, the problems of the legal process have become widespread due to the relevance of the ongoing update of virtually all areas of the legal life of the country. At the same time, the theory of the legal process has not been finally formed; issues of the essence, content, types, form, etc. of the legal process, one of the types of which is the coordination legal process, which has not yet been sufficiently studied, including in the mechanism of procedural and legal regulation, remain insufficiently studied. Based on doctrinal approaches to the study of the legal process as a whole, the essence and content of one of its types – the coordination process – have been determined; its features have been identified, indicating that the essence of the coordination process lies in the normatively established legal activity of its subjects and participants aimed at resolving legal cases. In turn, the content of the coordination process includes the activity itself, a special composition of subjects, stages, final documents, etc. A variant of definition of the concept of the coordination legal process as a procedural-procedural normatively defined activity of its subjects and participants, aimed at resolving legal cases through coordinated interaction, as well as issuing (adopting) mandatory procedural-legal acts (documents) of a protective or regulatory nature is proposed.

An attempt has been made to determine the conceptual foundations of the theory of legal regulation in modern conditions. The author addresses the problem of updating approaches to the process of streamlining public relations, searching for mechanisms capable of ensuring the achievement of the goals of legal regulation – sustainable development of the individual, society and the state – even in crisis (emergency, extraordinary conditions). On the one hand, legal science notes a tendency towards excessive public-law regulation, leading to interference in private spheres of public relations; on the other hand, the need for certain emergency conditions to restrict human rights dictated by public interests, ensuring the country defense and state security. The author, by revising the libertarian, anthropological, communicative, positivist approaches to defining law and legal regulation, comes to the conclusion about the need to move from discussions regarding the advantages of using each of them to the formation of an integrative theory based on the positivist approach, but taking into account the role of new legal regulators (in particular, soft law), as well as social foundations (values, principles, etc.) in regulating social relations. Keywords: legal regulation

The article considers the directions of prevention of juvenile delinquency in the Russian Empire during the late 19th - early 20th centuries, directly related to the use of incentive as an integral element of domestic criminal policy of that time. The author defines the concept of a minor in the legislation of the Russian Empire, analyzes the reasons for the growth of juvenile delinquency in the designated time period, and examines the measures taken by the state to prevent crime, assessing their effectiveness. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that incentive in criminal law, implemented through the application of incentive norms, needs a court specializing in juvenile crime. At the same time, the peculiarities of its structure, functioning, interaction with public institutions, should fully meet the modern conditions of development of social relations and the main objectives of the state criminal policy.

The ability to resolve a dispute at the sole discretion of the parties to a legal conflict through conciliation procedures with coordinating assistance in achieving a mutually acceptable consensus is one of the manifestations of the dispositive principles of self-regulation and autonomy of civil society. From a theoretical and legal point of view, the article examines the procedural and legal mechanism for the implementation and features of the coordinating role of the court and its legal acts when using alternative dispute resolution methods (conciliation procedures), primarily in the private legal sphere. In comparison with the traditional procedure of judicial protection, conciliation procedures have a number of advantages: they allow resolving differences between conflicting parties independently with the coordinating role of the court, simplifying the consideration of disputes, contributing to the implementation of the principle of procedural economy, and increasing the legitimacy of the judiciary.

In this article, the authors consider the issues of budget regulation in the procurement of certain types of legal entities. In order to increase efficiency and improve control over the expenditure of budget funds at different levels, through a comparative legal analysis of budget legislation in conjunction with procurement legislation and the law on the contract system, the authors propose to amend the current rules governing the activities of procurement customers related to the use of public financing. In addition, the authors analyze foreign procurement legislation, in particular, the procurement systems of the EAEU countries, the France, as well as the procurement legislation of the USA.

The relevance of the study is based on the transformations of international law and international relations. The study aims to analyze the normative legal material related to the protection of labor rights, based on the text of the Constitution of the Russian Federation (Articles 15, 17 - 18, 46), decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and international law. The paper is an update of a number of published author's studies on the study of mechanisms for the protection and regulation of labor in Russia. The result of the study is an analysis of the features of judicial protection of human labor rights in the context of the implementation of constitutional provisions and international obligations of the Russian Federation.

The article discusses the organization of the activities of the canine service of the penal system. The author states that the canine services of the Federal Penitentiary Service play an important role in ensuring security in correctional institutions of Russia. The relevance of the study is due to the need to increase their effectiveness through the optimization of legal regulation. The article analyzes the main regulations governing the activities of canine services, as well as problems associated with a lack of funding and qualified personnel. The conclusions emphasize the importance of improving legal regulation and providing services with modern equipment to increase the level of security in penal institutions.

The article examines a wide range of issues related to crimes against public safety. A detailed analysis of a terrorist act as an act that poses the greatest public danger was carried out; its goals, consequences, and distinctions with related crimes were examined. Particular attention was paid to the innovations in criminal legislation that establish liability for the dissemination of knowingly false information. The legal basis for countering extremism in Russia was analyzed, including the norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and international acts. Various types of state control in the field of countering extremism were considered, as well as the factors contributing to its emergence and spread. The concept and characteristics of modern extremism, including its transnational nature, were studied. The need for an integrated approach to combating extremism and other crimes against public safety, including measures to prevent offenses, was emphasized. The problem of illegal arms trafficking as a factor contributing to the growth of crime is analyzed. A conclusion was made about the need to improve legislation and law enforcement practices in the field of public safety.

Information and communication technologies offer wide opportunities for the development of social networks and new ways of communication, opening up wide opportunities for the development of the younger generation. But at the same time, the active use of Internet resources entails obvious and hidden problems both for society and for the teenagers themselves, causing behavioral changes in minors and their violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation. The availability and ease of use of information and communication technologies, the lack of clear contours between the virtual and real world, provide a variety of opportunities for committing crimes using Internet resources, which create new risks not only for minors and their parents, but also for the whole society. This problem is in the center of attention not only of representatives of state and public circles, law enforcement officers of the Russian Federation, but also of the entire world community. The article presents findings on the fight of law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation against crimes committed against minors using Internet resources, searching for ways to solve this problem, based on domestic and foreign experience.

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of crimes that infringe on the institutions of the family and minors, in the context of modern Russian legislation and taking into account foreign experience. The author analyzes in detail the legal nature of these acts, their social danger, as well as the system of punishments provided for their commission. The study reveals doctrinal approaches to defining the concept of “crimes against the family and minors”, identifies their key features, such as formal certainty and intentional nature. Specific types of crimes provided for in Articles 150-157 of Chapter 20 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are considered, including the involvement of a minor in criminal activity, failure to fulfill parental responsibilities, substitution of a child, illegal adoption and others. A comparative legal analysis of Russian legislation with the norms in force in Lithuania, Japan, Israel, Canada and Sweden is carried out in terms of combating domestic violence. The advantages and disadvantages of various approaches to solving this problem are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the issues of guilt, intent and negligence in committing crimes against the family and minors. The author also touches upon the problem of the influence of legal culture and legal consciousness of Russian society on the level of crime in this area, noting its low level.

This article discusses the topic of cruelty to animals, which has not lost its relevance to this day. Man and animal have always been closely connected in all spheres of society and, unfortunately, there are cases of violence and cruelty. The problem of legal regulation of cruelty to animals has been complex and controversial for many years both for the criminal law of the Russian Federation and foreign countries. There is still no single point of view regarding the issues of qualification of such crimes, which gives rise to a problem in assigning punishment for the committed act.

The evolutionary development of digital technologies and robotization of most areas of human activity have had a great impact on global aviation, forming new types of aircraft and scenarios for their use. With the start of a special military operation, the number of procedural actions related to the inspection of unmanned aerial vehicle crash sites has increased significantly. The analysis of investigative action protocols shows that current law enforcement officers do not always have a clear idea of what unmanned aerial vehicles are, what design they may have, which of their elements are objects of forensic interest, and what specifically should be reflected in the crime scene inspection protocol. In this regard, it becomes necessary to turn to the study of the tactics of inspecting unmanned aerial vehicle crash sites. Understanding the breadth and comprehensiveness of this problem, the authors of this article focused on the study of the investigator's work algorithm at the crash site of unmanned aerial vehicles. In the main part of the work, the authors disclosed the following issues: features of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in criminal activity and classification of traces at the place of their discovery; typical investigative situations that develop at the initial stage of the investigation of crimes related to the use of unmanned aerial vehicles; the sequence and features of the inspection of the crash sites of unmanned aerial vehicles. The final part provides general recommendations for the inspection, as well as further forensic examination of parts, fragments and cargo of unmanned aerial vehicles found at the scene of the incident.

This publication examines the genesis and development trends of voluntary health insurance. The institute of voluntary medical insurance seems to be relatively new in modern law, which is due to political, economic and social factors. At the same time, the historical prototypes of this institute can be defined as quite old. Historically, the first form of medical insurance was compulsory medical insurance. Accordingly, the emergence of voluntary medical insurance occurred due to the development of compulsory medical insurance. In turn, it follows from this that the analysis of the development of the institution under study must be carried out in conjunction with the consideration of the process of development of the institute of medical insurance in general. The argument in favor of this point of view is also that both compulsory and voluntary medical insurance are interrelated and complementary elements of a single system of providing medical care.

In the article, will as a concept of civil law is revealed through the analysis of the legal norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, with regard to the understanding of will in philosophy, religion, psychology, psychiatry, and linguistics. Through the prism of the concept of will in civil law, the legal capacity, legal capacity, legal capacity of minors, legal personality of persons with limited legal capacity and persons recognized as legally incompetent, representation are revealed. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the influence of biological factors on the involvement of an individual in civil law relations. Here there is an appeal to psychiatry as a field of medicine that studies the deformation of a person's will under the influence of mental disorders and somatic diseases. The conclusion is formulated that the will is a fundamental and system-forming concept of civics. Based on the interdisciplinary analysis of will, the levels of will of an individual as a participant in civil law relations are determined: the highest level of will is determined by the idea of will as a property of personal autonomy; the central level of will is associated with the psychosomatic characteristics of a person, his social and economic competencies; the substantive level, where the will of an individual is formed during a legally significant period; the external level of will is the expression of will.